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Fleet Management  |  Risk management

The best risk: minimum risk

“Risk management” to the ears of many fleet managers sounds like an unwelcome stress test – unpleasant and demanding in the extreme. The basic principle behind it is a basic instinct of human nature: we weigh up risks on a daily basis, completely subconsciously for the most part. In the fleet business, however, it is advisable to rely on more than one’s instincts. After all, the discipline can prove to be a decisive competitive factor when certain aspects are considered.

We all do it: Will I take an umbrella or risk getting wet? Will I leave five minutes earlier or take a chance on the traffic being light? Should I charge my smartphone again or trust that the battery will hold out? Sometimes it only takes milliseconds to answer these questions in our heads, but it can also take much too long at times. Usually: the more information I have, the better and faster I can assess the underlying risk and act accordingly.

Everyone is a risk manager

We get the necessary information in different ways. Sometimes we query the present situation (What’s the weather like?), draw on experience (What’s the traffic normally like?) or assess the worst case (Will I perhaps miss an important call?). Fleet managers use similar tools for their risk management – for undoubtedly more important questions. Ultimately, the aim is to avoid potential risks for vehicle drivers and the fleet.

From groundwork …

The top priority of course is to ensure that the company vehicles are in a proper condition technically. Anyone who sends drivers out onto the road with an expired main inspection (HU)1 or with obvious defects is notoriously negligent, risks being fined1 and may even be liable to prosecution – to say nothing of expensive repairs and downtimes because maintenance intervals were not observed. Fleet managers are exposing themselves to the same risk if they allow company cars to be used improperly. The legislator in Germany, for instance, has therefore prescribed that driver instruction be carried out once a year in topics such as driving times and rest periods, load safety and generally correct behaviour while driving (see the box at the end of the article for details). According to a study carried out by ADAC, most accidents continue to be the result of human error and not technical defects.

For this reason alone, therefore, one should not simply stop at the legal minimum requirement for instruction to achieve effective risk management. Regular training, safety training, anti-stress courses etc. have proven to be a reliable means of measurably reducing the damage rate in everyday fleet practice. Meanwhile, potential bonuses for having no accidents or getting no traffic tickets offer additional motivation for ensuring that company cars are handled with care.

… to systematic optimisation

As mentioned at the beginning, effective risk management in fleet practice depends primarily on the available data. Potential hazards can ultimately only be accurately assessed if the underlying information is as broadly based as possible. The most powerful tool in this regard is a functioning reporting system.

Important findings can be made based on intelligent analyses, for example in relation to distances or types of use. Is the breakdown or accident rate especially high with a certain type of vehicle? Can a correlation be made with the volume of traffic? Does a particular employee stand out? The wealth of knowledge accumulated can then be incorporated in turn into the training measures mentioned above to complete the circle.

A number of tools have proven useful in this regard, including FleetCARS, the established fleet management and reporting tool from Volkswagen Financial Services AG and We Connect Fleet* from the Volkswagen Group. When properly used, both tools complement each other ideally and provide the perfect solution for clever fleet management.

Fleet managers gain a vast store of important information on vehicles, drivers and contracts via the associated web portals. For example, the location of company cars can be checked using We Connect Fleet and customer orders then assigned more efficiently on this basis. The digital expenses book in turn allows information on routes travelled and expenditure on fuel etc. to be accessed at all times.

 

Minimising risk with a smart companion

Driver assist systems are another important pillar of effective risk management. Distance warning, lane departure warning and other technologies should not be viewed as a “luxury” that act as a drain on budgets, rather as a valuable aid – particularly as the initial investment more than pays off if an accident is actually avoided. Fleet managers can again rely on the reporting data in order to equip fleet vehicles with such technologies systematically and according to need. That’s because a company car driver who clocks up the miles in a field service role will naturally need different systems to a service employee, for example, driving in urban traffic. Clever tools that ensure that drivers are not distracted by their mobile phones when on the road are recommended in this context. For example, by locking the mobile screen when the engine is running and automatically restricting the use of apps, thus only allowing the phone to be used as a mobile navigation system and for making hands-free calls.

Such precautionary measures definitely allow a fleet manager to sleep better. And they leave the mind free for more trivial matters, such as: Do I need an umbrella today? Or: Can I sleep for another five minutes before I have to leave?

Status: 30. November 2021

© Volkswagen AG

 

1applies to Germany;

*currently available in Poland – additional markets to follow

CUPRA Terramar VZ 1.5 e-HYBRID 200 kW (272 PS), fuel consumption (weighted, combined): 0.4-0.5 l/100 km; power consumption (weighted, combined): 17.6-19.0 kWh/100 km; fuel consumption (battery discharged): 5.7-6.1 l/100 km; CO₂ emissions (weighted, combined): 10-12 g/km; CO₂ class (weighted, combined): B; CO₂ class (battery discharged): D-E. (Status: 12.2024)
Škoda Elroq, Stromverbrauch kombiniert: 15,2-16,6 kWh/100 km; CO₂-Emissionen kombiniert: 0 g/km; CO₂-Klasse: A.
Audi S6 Sportback e-tron, electricity consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.7–15.7; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0; CO₂ class: A. Information on electricity consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
Audi A6 Avant e-tron performance, electricity consumption in kWh/100 km: combined: 17.0–14.8; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0; CO₂ class: A. Information on electricity consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
Audi A6 Sportback e-tron performance, electricity consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 15.9–14.0; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0; CO₂ class: A. Information on electricity consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
CUPRA Formentor VZ 2.0 4Drive 245 kW (333 PS), fuel consumption (combined): 8.7-8.9 l/100 km; CO₂ emissions (combined): 192-201 g/km; CO₂ class (combined): G. Information on consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
CUPRA Leon VZ 1.5 e-HYBRID 200 kW (272 PS), fuel consumption (weighted, combined) 0,4 l/100 km; power consumption (weighted, combined) 16.5-16.8 kWh/100 km; fuel consumption (battery discharged) 5.4-5.5 l/100 km; CO₂ class (weighted, combined) 9-10 g/km; CO₂ class (weighted, combined): B; CO₂ class (battery discharged): D. Information on consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
CUPRA Leon Sportstourer VZ 1.5 e-HYBRID 200 kW (272 PS), fuel consumption (weighted, combined) 0.4-0.5 l/100 km; power consumption (weighted, combined) 16.7-17.1 kWh/100 km; fuel consumption (battery discharged) 5,5-5,6 l/100 km; CO₂ class (weighted, combined) 9-11 g/km; CO₂ class (weighted, combined): B; CO₂ class (battery discharged): D. Information on consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
CUPRA Tavascan Z 4Drive 250 kW (340 PS) 77 kWh, power consumption (combined): 16.5-18.1 kWh/100 km; CO₂ emissions (combined): 0 g/km; CO₂ class: A. Information on consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2024)
Golf eHybrid, power consumption weighted, combined: 15.7–14.7 kWh/100 km plus 0.4–0.3 l/100 km; fuel consumption battery discharged, combined: 5.3–5.0 l/100 km; CO₂ fuel consumption battery discharged, combined: 9–6 g/km; CO₂ class weighted, combined: B; CO₂ class battery discharged: D–C. Information on consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 08.2024)
Q6 e-tron, electricity consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 19.6-16.5; CO₂ emission in g/km: combined 0; CO₂ class: A. Information on electricity consumption, CO₂ emissions and CO₂ classes given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 06.2024)
Q7, fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined):11,0–7,8; CO₂ emissions in g/km (combined): 251–204; CO₂ class: G. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status 03.2024)
ID.7 Tourer Pro, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.8-14.5; CO₂ emission in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicle. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2024)
Superb, the official consumption and emission figures will not be available until the type approval process is concluded. (Status: 12.2023)
Enyaq 85 / Enyaq 85x, Enyaq 85: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 15.8-14.9; CO₂ emission in g/km: combined 0. Enyaq 85x: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.8-16.0; CO₂ emission in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle image shows special equipment. (Status: 12.2023)
Q4 Sportback e-tron, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 18,9–15,6 (WLTP); CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle image shows special equipment. (Status: 11.2023)
Audi S6 Limousine TDI, fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 7,3–6,9; CO₂ emissions in g/km (combined): 191–182. Consumption and emission values are only available according to WLTP and not according to NEDC for the vehicle. (Status: 10.2023)
Audi S6 Avant TDI, fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 7.5–7.1; CO₂ emissions in g/km (combined): 196–187. Consumption and emission values are only available according to WLTP and not according to NEDC for the vehicle. (Status: 10.2023)
Audi S7 Sportback TDI, fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 7.5–7.1; CO₂ emissions in g/km (combined): 195–186. Consumption and emission values are only available according to WLTP and not according to NEDC for the vehicle. (Status: 10.2023)
Porsche Taycan 4, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 24.8–19.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status:07.2023)
Audi e-tron GT quattro, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 21.6–19.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status:07.2023)
Born 170 kW (231 PS) 77 kWh, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 17.5-15.7; CO₂ emissions in g/km: kombiniert 0; electric range (combined): 496-552 km (527-551 km for 5 seater) (WLTP). Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status:07.2023)
Tavascan, vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 04.2023)
Vehicle no longer available for order, no consumption and emission data are available.
Golf Alltrack, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 5.9–5.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 154-146. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Audi R8 Spyder, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 13.9–13.4; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 316-305. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Polo GTI, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7.1–6.8; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 161-153. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Leon CUPRA 300, no longer available for order. (Status: 03.2023)
Audi e-tron, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 24.3–22.0; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0: efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2019)
A6 Avant TFSI e quattro, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.6–1.3; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 21.5–19.8; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 37-30. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
SEAT Leon e-Hybrid, currently not available. (Status: 03.2023)
Arteon eHybrid and Arteon Shhoting Brake eHybrid, Arteon eHybrid: fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.4–1.1; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.0–14.7; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 31-25. Arteon Shooting Brake eHybrid: fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.4–1.2; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.2–15.0; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 32-26. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicles. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
T-Roc R, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 9.1–8.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 205-196. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status:03.2023)
ID.4, ID.4 Pure Performance: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 17.9–16.7; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. ID.4 Pro Performance: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 18.6–16.4; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. ID.4 Pro 4MOTION: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 19.3–17.1; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0.Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Enyaq iV and Enyaq Coupé iV, Enyaq iV: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 17.1–15.8; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Enyaq Coupé iV: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.9–15.4; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0.Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Motorsports vehicle, not available as a production model, no consumption and emission data are available.
ID.4 GTX, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 19.3–17.2 (WLTP); CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 03.2023)
Amarok PanAmericana, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 10.5–10.2; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 274-267. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status:03.2023)
ID.3, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.5–15.2; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 07.2023)
Audi Q8 e-tron, combined power consumption in kWh/100 km: 24.4–20.1(WLTP); CO₂ emissions (combined) in g/km: 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not according to NEDC are available for the vehicles. Information on fuel/power consumption and CO₂ emissions given in ranges depends on the equipment selected for the vehicle. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 12.2022)
Superb, official consumption and emission figures are not yet available, as the type approval process has not yet been completed.
ID. Buzz and ID. Buzz Cargo, ID. Buzz Pro: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 21.8 - 20.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. ID. Buzz Cargo: power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 22.3-20.3; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not NEDC are available for the vehicles. Fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions data with ranges depending on the vehicle equipment selected. Vehicle illustrations show optional equipment.
ID.5 Pro and ID.5 Pro Performance, Power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 18.4-16.1; CO2 emissions in g/km: combined 0. Only consumption and emission values according to WLTP and not NEDC are available for the vehicles. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission data with ranges depending on the equipment selected for the vehicles. Vehicle illustration shows optional equipment.
Image shows concept vehicle/study, the vehicle is not available as a production model, no consumption and emission data are available.
ID.5 Pro, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.2; CO2 emissions in g/km: 0; efficiency class: A+++.Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 11.2021)
ID.5 GTX, Power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 17.1; CO₂ emissions in g/km: 0; efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle image shows special equipment. (Status: 05.2022)
Audi e-tron, power consumption in kWh/100 km: 24.3–22.0 combined; CO2-emission combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 09.2019)
ID.4 Pro Performance, power consumption in kWh/100 km: 16.0–14.8 combined; CO2-emission combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 02.2021)
Q5 Sportback, fuel consumption in l/100 km: Combined 7.6-4.7; CO2 emissions in g/km: Combined 182-123; efficiency class: C-A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 02.2021)
Caddy Cargo, Fuel consumption in l/100 km: Combined 5.8-4.4; CO₂ emissions in g/km: Combined 131-117. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 02.2021)
OCTAVIA COMBI SCOUT 1,5 TSI DSG e-TEC 110 kW, fuel consumption in l/100 km: Urban 6.1, extra-urban 4.2, combined 4.9; CO2 emissions in g/km: combined 112; efficiency class: A. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 02.2021)
SEAT Leon Sportstourer e-HYBRID, power consumption in kWh/100 km: Combined: 15.5–15.0; electricity consumption/petrol in l/100 km: Combined 1.3–1.2; CO2 emissions in g/km: Combined 29–27; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 02.2021)
SEAT Leon e-HYBRID, power consumption in kWh/100 km: Combined 15.4–14.9; fuel consumption/petrol in l/100 km: Combined 1.3–1.2; CO2 emissions in g/km: Combined 29–27; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2021)
SEAT Tarraco e-HYBRID, power consumption in kWh/100 km: Combined 14.5; fuel consumption/petrol in l/100 km: Combined 1.8; CO2 emissions in g/km: Combined 41; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2021)
Audi Q4 e-tron , power consumption in kWh/100 km: Combined 17.3–15.8 (NEDC); Combined 19.0–17.0 (WLTP); CO₂ emissions in g/km: 0; efficiency class A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2021)
Octavia RS iV, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.5; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 11.2; CO2 emissions in g/km: combined 33; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment.
Octavia Combi RS iV, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.5; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 11.4; CO2 emissions in g/km: combined 34; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2021)
OCTAVIA COMBI iV, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 1.4; power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 11.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 31; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2021)
CUPRA Born, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 16.0–15.0; CO₂ emissions in g/km: 0; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 09.2021)
Q4 Sportback e-tron, power consumption (NEDC) in kWh/100 km: combined1) 17.9–15.6; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined1) 0; efficiency class: A+. Vehicle images show special equipment. (Status: 09.2021)
ŠKODA ENYAQ iV 80x, Power consumption in kWh/100 km: 16.1 combined; CO2-emission combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 09.2021)
ID.4 GTX, Power consumption in kWh/100 km: 18.2-16.3 combined; CO2-emission combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 10.2021)
ID.5 GTX, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 17.1 – 15.6; CO₂ emissions combined in g/km: 0. Efficiency class: A+++; Vehicle image shows optional equipment.
ID.5 Pro and ID.5 Pro Performance, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 15,9 – 14,6; CO₂ emissions combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+; Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 06.2022)
CUPRA Formentor 2.0 TDI, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 5.1-4.3; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 135-113; efficiency class: B-A.Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2022)
Audi S8 TFSI, fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 10.8-10.7; CO₂ emissions in g/km: combined 246-245; efficiency class: E.¹⁾ Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 05.2022)
ID.3 1ST, power consumption in kWh/100 km: combined 15,4 – 13,5; CO₂ emissions combined in g/km: 0; Efficiency class: A+; Vehicle image shows optional equipment. (Status: 09.2021)
ŠKODA ENYAQ iV 80 , electricity consumption in kWh/100 km: Combined 13.6; CO2 emissions in g/km: 0; efficiency class: A+++. Vehicle image shows special equipment. (Status: 02.2022)
Golf GTI, (180 kW / 245 PS) (NEDC) fuel consumption in l/100 km: urban 9.0-8.6 / extra-urban 5.6-5.3 / combined 6.9-6.5; CO₂ emissions in g/km (combined): 157-149; efficiency class: D-C. Vehicle image shows special equipment. (Status: 05.2021)